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Ischemic heart disease is a disease in which the heart suffers from a lack of blood supply. This is mainly due to the formation of atherosclerotic (or fat) plaques, which obstruct the normal flow of blood.

Most people from an early age have an accumulation of fat in the arteries, however, not all people will have some cardiovascular disease. Genetic risk factors, age (over 45 years old), male sex, as well as modifiable factors (bad habits or diseases) are the main determinants of the development of this disease.

Contrary to popular belief, angina pectoris is not always an extremely intense or acute pain, it can even present as a feeling of discomfort behind the sternum, tightness of the chest, or a feeling of "something stuck." If you have these discomforts, go to your trusted cardiologist so that he can examine you and determine the possibility of a cardiovascular disorder.

Immediately!, ischemic heart disease not only manifests itself with classical angina pectoris but can occur in various ways called ischemic equivalents. The presence of shortness of breath, pain in the "upper belly", nausea, or dizziness when making efforts can be evidence that something is not right with the heart. The assessment of a cardiologist is essential to exclude any cardiac pathology.

Angina pectoris is the manifestation of a lack of blood supply to the arteries of the heart, however, it is not possible to determine if it is a heart attack (an occluded artery), or some chronic angina (a partially occluded artery).

If you have angina pectoris, go immediately to the evaluation for the realization of an electrocardiogram and take laboratory tests, in which the possibility of infarction and the need for urgent treatment will be determined.

A cardiologist can focus on the prevention of diseases (control of hypertension, cholesterol, and other risk factors), heart rhythm disorders (cardiac blocks, arrhythmias), valve diseases, structural heart disease (cardiomyopathies), management of angina pectoris, implantation of devices such as pacemakers, performance of cardiac catheterizations.

The presence of dizziness and/or fainting are the main characteristics of some cardiac arrhythmia.

Bradyarrhythmias (or slowed heart rhythm) are characterized by a low pulse rate, and the implantation of a pacemaker may be necessary.

Tachyarrhythmias (or fast heart rhythm) are characterized by the presence of palpitations, which can be managed by medications or some implantable device.

In most cases, it is necessary to perform a prolonged electrocardiographic record (from 1 to 30 days) to determine what type of arrhythmia it is and its severity.

Heart valves are the main mechanism of the heart to prevent blood from circulating retrogradely. The heart has 4 valves, two that connect the atria with the ventricles, and the other two communicate the ventricles with the arteries.

The valves can present two diseases mainly (even simultaneously):

- Insufficiency: Blood flows from a cavity in a retrograde way.

- Stenosis: The valve generates an obstruction of blood flow.

The manifestations are primarily based on shortness of breath, fainting, or angina pectoris, so if you have any symptoms, or a doctor detects a heart murmur, it is necessary to assess the assessment through imaging studies of the heart (such as the echocardiogram) and determine the severity of the valve disease.